"Qual política lingüística? Desafios glotopolíticos contemporâneos" de Xoán Lagares
Diego Bernal
Há palavras que assustam. Com certeza, glotopolítica é um vocábulo que se nom der medo deve gerar certo afastamento ou rejeiçom em muitas pessoas. Porém, o termo glotopolítica é muito mais próximo de nós do que à partida pode parecer.
O uso feminino de vozes que originalmente careciam de expressom mórfica de género como presidenta; a crítica de instituiçons autoritárias e discriminatórias, como as Academias, aos movimentos feministas pola defesa da linguagem inclusiva; ou os preconceitos lingüísticos contra pessoas por falarem línguas minorizadas ou variedades estigmatizadas socialmente som alguns dos debates glotopolíticos do quotidiano que o professor Xoán Lagares inclui no ensaio recentemente editado Qual política linguística? Desafios glotopolíticos contemporâneos.
Desde a primeira página Lagares joga limpo, nom blefa ninguém e mostra as suas cartas afirmando que “toda sociedade é linguageira e toda prática de linguagem é social”. E é que o lingüista galego foge de perspetivas trapaceiras impostas polo estruturalismo saussureano ou o gerativismo chomskyano, para analisar o fenómeno lingüístico como um produto social e enxergar as línguas como umha construçom política ao serviço de uns interesses concretos.
É nessa visom avançada de língua que Xoán Lagares formula o conceito de dinâmicas normativas. Conceito que aludiria às relaçons existentes entre as forças em conflito polo controlo de umha língua e com o que contribui para o desenvolvimento da sóciolingüística.
Publicado na cidade de São Paulo pola Parábola, única editora especializada em lingüística no ámbito galego-luso-brasileiro, o livro está estruturado em cinco capítulos que abordam questons glotopolíticas fundamentais como a relaçom entre a língua, Estado e mercado; as minorias lingüísticas; a padronizaçom das línguas e o ativismo lingüístico.
Numha prosa acessível, borbulham ao longo das 234 páginas exemplos de diversas realidades lingüísticas planetárias, desde a língua hipercentral às línguas periféricas, por usarmos a terminologia que o autor pega emprestada do sociolingüista francês Louis-Jean Calvet.
De um olhar crítico e sempre preocupado com os coletivos que sofrem discriminaçons, pola obra de Xoán Lagares circula a seiva do variacionismo laboviano enriquecida com o mais moderno pensamento da viçosa lingüística brasileira e coroado pola sensibilidade do estudioso que fai parte de umha comunidade lingüística minorizada, a galega, que sofre há séculos grandes preconceitos.
“Um mundo multilíngue é um mundo mais justo” di-nos Xoán. E eu nom podo deixar de concordar com ele.
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