Quais os nomes galegos da 'Tecia solanivora' e da 'Vespa velutina'?
Como se devem designar em bom galego as espécies de insetos Tecia solanivora e Vespa velutina, que recentemente fôrom introduzidas na Galiza e constituem pragas?
Ana Rodrigues
RESPOSTA DA COMISSOM LINGÜÍSTICA DA AEG:
Para se designar o lepidóptero ou borboleta da espécie Tecia solanivora (família Gelequiídeos), cuja larva ataca os tubérculos da pataqueira, a melhor denominaçom vernácula em galego-português da Galiza é traça-guatemalteca(-da-pataca). Com efeito, este inseto, que pertence ao grupo das borboletas-noturnas e, portanto, é umha avelaínha, e que provém da América Central, deve ser denominado em galego traça porquanto, ao alimentar-se (no estádio larvar, de lagarta), destrói ou degrada materiais (fibras, tecidos, alimentos) apreciados polo ser humano (cf. cast. polilla guatemalteca, fr. teigne guatémaltèque de la pomme de terre; a traça por antonomásia entre nós é a traça-da(s)-roupa(s), Tineola bisselliella). Tenha-se em conta que, no sentido apontado, no galego contemporáneo, entre outros, se registam os geossinónimos couça e traça e, dentre esses sinónimos geográficos, a voz galega comum às variedades lusitana e brasileira (c. 250 milhons de falantes) —a qual interessa, portanto, declarar supradialetal na Galiza— é traça.
Já em relaçom ao himenóptero Vespa velutina (família Vespídeos), originário da Ásia sul-oriental e que ataca as abelhas, a melhor denominaçom vernácula em galego-português é vespom-de-patas-amarelas, ainda que também seja aceitável vespom-asiático (Vespa velutina nom é o único vespom originário da Ásia, mas si o mais disseminado entre os de distribuiçom exclusivamente asiática e o mais conhecido entre nós com essa proveniência). Para esta espécie de inseto —que, por pertencer à família Vespídeos, é umha vespa em sentido laxo—, a melhor denominaçom galego-portuguesa é vespom, porque assim som denominadas na nossa língua (cf. cast. avispón, al. Hornisse, ingl. hornet) as vespas do género Vespa, as quais som vespídeos de grande tamanho, como Vespa crabro, o vespom-europeu, que é autóctone da Galiza (e que nom se deve confundir com o abelhom [género Bombus, família Apídeos]). Tenha-se em conta, por último, que as vespas em sentido estrito (vespídeos de pequeno tamanho e com manchas e faixas amarelas e pretas) som espécies do género Vespula, de modo que, se, neste caso, a nossa nomenclatura vernácula marca o tamanho grande com um sufixo aumentativo (o -om de vespom), a nomenclatura científica marca o tamanho pequeno com um sufixo diminutivo (o -ula de Vespula).
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